偶然看到的关于鞋的分类，制作原料，保养，希望对大家有用

偶然看到的关于鞋的分类，制作原料，保养，希望对大家有用
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<br>链接是：
<br>http://www.mec.ca/Main/content_text.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=9399&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=648543&bmUID=1060464416655
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<br>Outdoor Footwear
<br>Once we sling a pack on our backs and venture onto trails or rock, and into water, our feet require traction, protection, and support. These needs vary with the activity, the terrain, and the load. The wrong footwear can be a serious downer. Worse still, ill-fitting footwear can result in discomfort and even injury! Be nice to your tootsies - make an informed decision about what boots are best for you!
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<br>Intended Use
<br>Approach Shoes
<br>are used to approach various wilderness activities such as rock climbing or paddling. They are great for easy scrambling, fast hiking, or trail running. The emphasis is on lightness and sensitivity, with a function-specific sole.
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<br>Day Hiking Shoes and Boots
<br>are best for easy hikes of short duration. They are designed for use on trails, with no more than a light load. Emphasis is on lightness, comfort, stability, and moderate support.
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<br>Hiking Boots
<br>are designed for use on two- to three-day self-supported hikes on trails, or aggressive off-trail day hiking. Although emphasis is still on lightness and comfort, these boots should also be durable, water-resistant, and supportive.
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<br>Backpacking Boots
<br>are for long distance self-supported hiking on and off trails. Some can even be used for light mountaineering. As a result, they are heavier, and will take longer to break in than hiking boots. Emphasis is on control, long-term support, water resistance, and the boots' ability to withstand abuse.
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<br>Mountaineering Boots
<br>are designed for mountaineering, glacier travel, or aggressive backcountry travel. These boots are stiff and very durable. Moreover, mountaineering boots are compatible with clip-on crampons.
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<br>Materials
<br>Full-grain leather
<br>retains the outer membrane of the hide, which is denser, and therefore more water-resistant and supportive. It conforms well to the foot over time, can be waterproofed, is abrasion-resistant, and will last for years when properly cared for.
<br>Full-grain leather retains the outer skin membrane which consists of very tight fibres. If this membrane faces outward, it is termed "smooth-out." "Rough-out" leather has the membrane facing inward to protect the tighter fibres of the top grain from abrasion (giving the leather a longer functional life). Thicker leathers, though they require longer to break in, make a more durable boot that gives more support.
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<br>Suede (split leather)
<br>does not retain the outer skin membrane. Compared to full-grain leather, it is generally less abrasion-resistant, more prone to stretching and less stiff - it can also absorb water more easily. Tanning processes or copious applications of goop can, however, render suede waterproof. Although suede is less appropriate for heavy-duty applications, its flexibility, breathability, and lower price make it a good choice for lighter-duty uses.
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<br>Fabric (usually mesh or 1000-denier nylon)
<br>is often used in lighter shoes and boots for its breathability, low cost, and ease of breaking in. Fabric is often used in conjunction with suede or leather to construct footwear that achieves a good balance between support, light weight, and breathability. Fabric is difficult to waterproof, and is not as durable as leather, so it is usually found only in lighter-duty footwear.
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<br>lastics (or Nylon)
<br>are used in mountaineering boots. They provide absolute waterproofness and durability. The rigidity of plastic boots makes them well-suited to use with crampons in extreme conditions. Plastics, however, will not break in, and are used almost exclusively in "double" boots where a padded inner boot buffers the foot from the outer shell.
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<br>Caring for Outdoor Footwear
<br>Although today's boots incorporate many synthetic materials, leather remains a key component. Even leathers prepared with modern tanning techniques still require care. If neglected, leather can rot, or become brittle and crack. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure when it comes to outdoor footwear.
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<br>After a Trip
<br>Clean all mud and dirt from the outside of your boots with cool water, a stiff brush, and when possible, a cleaner such as Saddle Soap (but never detergents). Dry your boots by stuffing them with newspaper to absorb moisture and odours. Remove the laces and footbeds (wash them as well) to allow boots to dry quickly and thoroughly. Rinse or wipe out the interior of boots, dry them out, and spray them with a disinfectant or fungus preventative. If the lining is leather, apply a thin layer of Leather Lining Cream&reg;.
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<br>Note: never cook your footwear - besides rendering the leather brittle, excess heat can soften the cements that hold upper and sole together. Footwear abused by overheating is not covered by warranties from either MEC or the manufacturer.
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<br>revention and Repair
<br>Applying Freesole&reg; or a similar urethane goop to the seams and the junction of the sole and upper will increase water resistance and durability. This works best on new, untreated boots (note that it will darken any leather or fabric). Urethanes can also be used for field repairs in an emergency.
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<br>Waterproofing and Conditioning
<br>Waterproofing and conditioning are not always the same thing. Generally, a product that conditions will improve water repellency, but some waterproofing products do not condition leather.
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<br>Most commercial treatment products use one or more of the following active ingredients - oils, waxes, silicones, and fluoropolymers. Solvents or mineral spirits may be added for greater penetration.
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<br>Animal oils and greases soften leather, reducing its supportiveness. MEC does not recommend them.
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<br>Beeswax products provide the longest lasting nourishment for leathers, as well as some water repellency. They will darken and flatten suedes or nubucks, and can build up on all leathers, trapping dirt. The latter drawback can be overcome by buffing the wax to remove the excess.
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<br>Silicones provide highly effective water repellency, with minimal reduction of breathability. Usually in liquid form, they penetrate top grain and smooth out leathers, and do not by themselves affect the nap of suede or nubuck. However, they stiffen at lower temperatures, do not condition leather, are not as durable as waxes and should be kept away from rubber soles and rands.
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<br>Fluoropolymers dry quickly, instantly resist water, and maintain breathability. Furthermore, fluoropolymers repel oily stains and do not by themselves affect the appearance of either real or synthetic leathers. They do not condition leathers and are not as effective on smooth-out top grain leathers.
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<br>Silicone and fluoropolymers are usually mixed with waxes and oils, and can be applied to wet or dry leather or fabrics. These combinations will condition and waterproof, allow the boots to breathe, and are long-lasting. Several applications are required for full effectiveness, with a 24-hour drying time between coats.
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